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The invention and development of the chariot around the third millennium revolutionized the art of warfare and dominated the battlefields for some 3 years. It seems to have evolved in the borderlands between the steppes and the riverlands. It is believed that the ?ryan borrowed the idea?of?chariot?from?Sumerians?around?2 bc. It is presumed that these ?ryans entered Iran and departed in three branches. One marches westward towards Syria, another eastward towards?India?and?a?third?stays?back?in?Iran. The absence of chariot in Indus valley civilization suggests that chariot arrived in India with ?ryans, who settled here around 15 bc. They?used?it?as?a?lethal?war?machine?to?conquer?the?natives.
U.P. Thapliyal, an alumnus of Allahabad and Delhi Universities, was Director, History Division, Ministry of Defence till 1996. He has authored, compiled, and edited more than thirty books on the military history of India, including Warfare in Ancient India; Military Flags of India: From the?Earliest?Times,?etc. His research papers have been published in reputed history journals. He?has?also?been?a?Senior?Academic?Fellow?with?ICHR.
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