In the present edition of this book the text has been thoroughly revised to incorporate the recent changes that have been witnessed in the construction sector in respect of material specifications and their application. In this respect, details have been added for newer varieties of cement and steel materials now-a-day being used on job, as well as a host of special-purpose emerging materials like Geo-synthetic products, epoxy compounds, glass and aluminium products and isulation materials, which have attractive material properties, durability and cost-effectiveness. Side by side, relevant provisions of Indian Standard Codes of Practices have been referred to for the benefit of the readers.