Women, for generations, have worked in the cashew factories of the South Indian State of Kerala from 193 to the present. As a group, they have challenged the stereotypical view of the “Third World” women by organizing into unions, working in the formal sector, and becoming literate. These women have been a major part of the working class in Kerala, and by the end of the twentieth century, they numbered somewhere around 2,. The historical background for this interdisciplinary study has been the “Kerala Model”, the political context of a state known for its radicalism, redistribution of resources, and high social indicators for both men and women. The analysis addresses change and continuity in material “realities”, as well as in discourses and ideologies. Its main themes are the organization of work in the factories, wages, trade unions, and marriage. These are viewed from the perspective of class, caste, and gender to elucidate women’s experience and identity. About the Author Anna Lindberg is a Swedish interdisciplinary historian specializing in gender and class. She has lived in Kerala for extensive periods since the mid-199’s. Currently, she is a researcher with the Asylum Commission at Linköping University in Sweden.