This study steers clear of the sterotype conception of Madrasasasthe training ground of terrorists. Its chief concern is thesearchfor the ground realities about Madrasas, what and how theyteach;and whether the syllabus or the ambience of Madrasas preparesthestudents for successfully facing the challenges of themodernworld. It enquires into the reasons for a large number ofMuslimsopting for Madrasa education for their children. Asociologicalanalysis is therefore undertaken. The work also triesto understandthe almost universal nisab or syllabus of Madrasas,calledDars-i-Nizami, developed during Aurangzeb's time, and notesthatthere have been very few marked changes in the Madrasasyllabus,though the world and life have moves so much ahead. Alarge portionof Madrasa syllabus, therefore, has become irrelevantfor moderntimes. The author convincingly argues that most Muslimchildrenmust study in modern school and only a small number whowant tospecialize in theology should study in Madrasas.\n