Test items presented in this book are not exhaustive, but are only representative samples of the questions that could be prepared in each topic. Principles of item writing could be prepared in each topic. Principles of item writing are also given in the book which would enable teachers and examiners to prepare further questions in their chosen field of specialization. These questions/items can be used for testing and evaluating the learning outcomes of the students during the classroom sessions and in periodical test as well as in the Final Examination. A checklist of criteria for prevalidation is also included with a view to help individual teachers, groups of examiners and board of examiners to prevalidate their questions and question papers in a rational way.