The most important political development in the country between 1928 and 194 was the widening of the gulf between the Congress and the Muslim League, resulting in the emergence of the demand for partition as embod­ied in the famous Lahore Resolution of the Muslim League in March 194. This dramatic change in Muslim politics was neither due to the ‘ever-present’ Hindu-Muslim antagonism nor was it an inevitable consequence of a separate Muslim nationalism. It was, as the author argues, the culmina­tion of a process that had begun in 1928 with the failure of the All Parties Convention to satisfy the moderate section of the Muslim League led by Jinnah. The present study traces the working of the process through various political developments including the Nehru Report, Round Table Confer­ence, the Communal Award and Provincial Autonomy. Based on an exhaustive examination of all available published and unpublished official records and private papers, both in India and in the U.K., the book offers a penetrating and dispassionate analysis of the issues involved, and attempts to answer some important questions that are relevant for an understanding of a crucial phase of our pre-partition history. What, for instance, led to the failure of the All Parties Convention? Why did the Congress-League coalition proposals fail? How to explain the strong Muslim reaction to the Congress ministries during 1937-9? What respon­sibility did the Congress itself bear for this? Were there any personality factors involved? And, of course, what was the British role in encouraging Muslim intransigence? About the Author Uma Kaura did her M.A. in History from University of Delhi in 197 and Ph.D. from School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University in 1975. In 1973 she was deputed to the United Kingdom to consult the private papers and other official sources in India Office Library and British Museum.