This book covers all project appraisal methods namely NPV, IRR, BC Ratio, Payback Period and Cost-Effectiveness methods, scale analysis to decide optimum investment, decision about optimum time to invest as well as close a project, effects of inflation on projects, sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, risks and risk premium, quantitative risk analysis (using Monte Carlo simulation) and risk management techniques in projects, including PPP projects. This book will be useful for students pursuing MBA, MPA, MPP and Industrial Engineering programmes, for members of civil services and also serve as a handbook for professionals in the field of project appraisal. Jarnail Singh (IAS-1974) is MPA from Harvard University and has served as Chief Secretary Manipur, Joint Secretary to the Prime Minister and Secretary in government of India. Dr DNS Dhakal is MPA from Harvard University and PhD in Mineral Economics from Colorado School of Mines, USA. He has worked with the World Bank, USAID, Asian Development Bank, African Development Bank and UNDP. The authors had been part of the team of the then ?Harvard Institute for International Development? which conducted ?Project Investment Appraisal and Management? programmes for international participants.