At Independence, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first prime minister, embarked upon a political and an economic project. His political project—to put India on the democratic path—was a resounding success.\n\nThis success, though, was marred by an equally resounding failure of Nehru’s economic project, built on the development of heavy industry, an expanding public sector, and relative isolation from world markets. It failed to produce the growth necessary to rid India of poverty and bequeathed an ethos that made a switch to an outward-oriented, pro-market economy a real challenge in the post-Nehru era. This line of thinking remains entrenched in the Indian political, intellectual, bureaucratic, and business constituencies.\n\nThis book by renowned economist and policymaker Arvind Panagariya is an attempt to systematically document the economic history of the Nehru era and its impact on contemporary economic thought and post-Nehru economic policymaking.\n\nHow did this system evolve? What was the influence of Nehru’s thinking on it? Above all, how did the economic history and thought of this era affect subsequent policymaking in India? These are the big questions that this volume attempts to answer.